thủy phân
Definition
Verb (Chemistry):
- To hydrolyze: The chemical process of breaking down a compound by reaction with water, often involving the cleavage of one or more chemical bonds and the addition of the elements of water (H and OH) to the resulting fragments.
Noun (Chemistry):
- Hydrolysis: The chemical reaction itself in which a compound is decomposed by water.
Usage Examples
Verb:
- Chất béo có thể bị thủy phân thành axit béo và glycerol. (Fats can be hydrolyzed into fatty acids and glycerol.)
- Enzyme này giúp thủy phân tinh bột. (This enzyme helps to hydrolyze starch.)
Noun:
- Quá trình thủy phân xảy ra trong môi trường axit. (The hydrolysis process occurs in an acidic environment.)
- Thủy phân là một phản ứng hóa học quan trọng. (Hydrolysis is an important chemical reaction.)
Advanced Usage
"Thủy phân bằng enzyme" (Enzymatic hydrolysis): A hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by an enzyme.
- Thủy phân bằng enzyme thường diễn ra ở nhiệt độ cơ thể. (Enzymatic hydrolysis often occurs at body temperature.)
"Thủy phân muối" (Salt hydrolysis): The reaction of an ion from a salt with water to produce an acidic or basic solution.
- Dung dịch có tính axit do thủy phân muối. (The solution is acidic due to salt hydrolysis.)
Variants and Related Words
Phản ứng thủy phân (n): Hydrolysis reaction.
- Tốc độ phản ứng thủy phân phụ thuộc vào nhiệt độ. (The rate of the hydrolysis reaction depends on temperature.)
Bị thủy phân (v phrase): To be hydrolyzed.
- Đường sucrose bị thủy phân trong dung dịch axit. (Sucrose is hydrolyzed in an acid solution.)
Synonyms
- Decompose (by water): To break down through reaction with water.
- Cleave (with water): To split chemical bonds with the addition of water.
Related Scientific Terms
- Ngược lại với thủy phân là tổng hợp ngưng tụ (Condensation): The opposite chemical reaction to hydrolysis, where two molecules combine with the loss of a water molecule.
- Chất xúc tác thủy phân (Hydrolysis catalyst): A substance that speeds up a hydrolysis reaction, such as an acid, base, or enzyme.